Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast grow out of control. These cells can form a lump or mass. Sometimes, they spread to other parts of the body. Early detection is important for better outcomes. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. However, men can also get breast cancer, though it is rare.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Knowing the early signs of breast cancer can help with quick treatment. Not all lumps are cancer, but you should check any changes with a doctor. Common symptoms include:

A new lump in the breast or underarm

Swelling or thickening in part of the breast

Changes in the size or shape of the breast

Redness or flaky skin on the breast or nipple

Pain in the breast or nipple area

Nipple discharge, other than breast milk

Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple

Because some people may not notice symptoms early, regular breast cancer screening is important.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of breast cancer. However, certain factors can raise your risk. Some risk factors you can change, while others you cannot. Key risk factors include:

Being female

Getting older

Family history of breast cancer

Inherited gene changes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2

Personal history of breast cancer or some non-cancer breast diseases

Radiation exposure to the chest

Obesity

Drinking alcohol

Not being physically active

Starting periods before age 12 or menopause after age 55

Even if you have risk factors, you may never get breast cancer. On the other hand, some people with no risk factors can still develop it.

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Early diagnosis improves the chances of successful treatment. If you notice any changes, see your doctor right away. Common steps in breast cancer diagnosis include:

Physical exam of the breasts

Mammogram (X-ray of the breast)

Breast ultrasound

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Biopsy (removal of a small tissue sample for testing)

Because regular screening can find cancer early, many health experts recommend mammograms for women over 40. However, your doctor may suggest screening earlier if you have higher risk.

Treatment Options

Treatment for breast cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Your doctor will help choose the best plan for you. Common breast cancer treatment options include:

Surgery to remove the tumor or breast

Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells

Chemotherapy using drugs to destroy cancer cells

Hormone therapy to block cancer cell growth

Targeted therapy that attacks specific cancer cells

Immunotherapy to help your immune system fight cancer

Because every case is different, treatment may involve one or more of these options. Side effects can happen, but your care team will help manage them.

Prevention Tips

While you cannot prevent all cases, you can lower your risk of breast cancer. Try these prevention tips:

Maintain a healthy weight

Stay physically active

Limit alcohol intake

Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetables

Breastfeed if possible

Avoid smoking

Get regular breast cancer screening

Talk to your doctor about your risk, especially if you have a family history

Because early action can save lives, encourage breast cancer awareness in your community.

Living with Breast Cancer

After a breast cancer diagnosis, life can feel overwhelming. However, many people live full lives after treatment. Support from family, friends, and support groups can help. Here are some tips for living with breast cancer:

Follow your treatment plan

Attend all follow-up appointments

Share your feelings with loved ones or a counselor

Eat well and stay active as advised by your doctor

Ask for help when you need it

Because every journey is unique, your care team can guide you through each step.

If you have concerns or notice any changes in your breasts, it’s important to seek medical guidance early. Timely evaluation helps detect issues sooner and ensures you receive the right care.

For personalised advice on breast cancer awareness, screening, and breast health, consult Dr. Hemanth Parigala, a trusted specialist dedicated to your well-being.